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Spanish Chileans (in Spanish: ''Chileno-español'') refer more often to Chileans of post-independence Spanish immigrant descent, as they have retained a Spanish cultural identity. People of pre-independence Spanish descent are usually not considered Spanish Chileans even though they form a large majority of the Chilean population and have Spanish surnames. This is because they rejected Spanish identity for the emergent Chilean one on the eve of national independence. The earliest European immigrants were Spanish colonisers who arrived in the 16th century. They came to form the majority of the population by the time of Chilean independence.〔(Vascos en Chile. )〕 They came mainly from Castile and Andalusia and formed the majority population. The Amerindian population of central Chile was absorbed into the Spanish setter population in the beginning of the colonial period to form the large mestizo population that exists in Chile today. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Basques from both Spain and France came to Chile where they integrated into the existing elites of Castilian origin.〔(Diariovasco. )〕〔(entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca. )〕〔(vascos ) ''Ainara Madariaga'': Autora del estudio ''"Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX"''.〕〔(Basques au Chili. )〕〔''"Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano"''. instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita: "Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco"''.〕〔 (La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi. )〕〔(El 27% de los chilenos son descendientes de emigrantes vascos. ) "DE LOS VASCOS, OÑATI Y LOS ELORZA" ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''.〕〔 (Presencia vasca en Chile. )〕 Other European nationalities then followed and also became rich and fused with each other and the Basque-Castilian elite to create modern middle and upper classes. In the 20th century, there was an influx of refugees of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's regime.(see Winnipeg ship) They have kepted their Spanish national identity and set up Spanish clubs throughout the country. The Spanish culture of the original settlers slowly evolved into Chilean folk culture, especially the huaso one, and at the time of independence had abandoned national affiliation with Spain. Today, most Chileans have predominantly Spanish ancestry. However, unlike most other Spanish-American countries, very few buildings were built by Spaniards during the colonial period. One or two colonial buildings from the later stage of Spanish domination might still be standing in a few cities in central Chile. However, there are two small towns in Chile whose city centre is dominated by Spanish architecture, Cobquecura, near Concepcion, and Yerbas Buenas, near Linares. Because of this exception to the rule, they are protected by the Chilean government as 'places of architectural heritage'. Most houses are American in style, while the old public buildings are French and the newer ones are based on American skycrapers. Chileans of pure Spanish descent (colonial stock) have been discriminated against by Chileans with other European ancestry (Basque, English, French, German) since independence. Hence, French, British, German surnames have prestige as well as Basque (apellidos vinosos), over Spanish surnames. The same is true with appearance, where northern European features (pale completion and light-coloured hair and eyes) are favoured over a Mediterranean appearance. This has been instrumental is discrimination in terms of employment of good jobs and woman on TV are lighter than the average woman. However, this reason is not admitted or recognised by Chileans in general who accepted this hidden racism as the status quo. Chileans of colonial Spanish stock themselves embrace and value their heritage. . ==Notable Spanish Chileans== * Isabel Allende, writer * Alejandro Amenábar, film director * Manuel Blanco Encalada, 1st (provisional) President of Chile (1826), Vice-Admiral in the Chilean Navy * Matías Cousiño, coal magnate and patriarch of the Cousiño family * Carlos Díaz, television and film actor * Javiera Díaz de Valdés, actress * Karen Doggenweiler Lapuente, journalist, TV hostess * Roberto Matta, abstract expressionist and surrealist painter * Jorge Montt, 12th president of Chile (1891–1896), vice-admiral of the Chilean navy * Carlos Pezoa Véliz, writer * José Piñera, businessman and politician * Sebastián Piñera, businessman and President of Chile (2010-2014 ) * Arturo Prat, Navy officer and national hero * Carlos Prats, Former Army Commander in Chief * José Joaquín Prieto, Army General and President of Chile (1831-1841) * Germán Riesco, President of Chile (1901-1906) * Carolina Tohá, politician * José Tohá, politician * Leonor Varela, actress 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spanish immigration to Chile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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